Aug 16, 20 transgenic maize seeds expressed and processed kafirins properly and served as a positive control in our experiments below. High level accumulation of aglucan in maize kernels by. Maize is useful for pharmaceutical proteins because they can be stored for. Nabcs year 2000 annual meeting focused on the biobased economy, with the presentations and. Production of sugarcane transgenic events is routine in various laboratories of the world. Environmental risk assessments for transgenic crops producing. Furthermore, starch granule size in the transgenic maize kernel was unaffected. High value products from transgenic corn request pdf. Flowering newsletter bibliography for 2008 journal of experimental botany 20 64. Finally we will present some of the issues that the introduction of transgenic maize to the world market has caused. Th en, extract such high value matter before converting the cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars for alcohol fuels.
Mutation in the seed storage protein kafirin creates a high. An overview shiyou li1, wei yuan1, peiying yang2, mikhail d. Production of sugarcane transgenic events is routine in various laboratories. Though in small quantities high value products like breakfast cereals, food ingredients and other consumer oriented products are also imported by kenya. The molecular parameters that induced the highest expression were the maize embryo. Transgenic strategies for the nutritional enhancement of plants. Expression of fungal diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 genes. Two independent transgenic events that yielded multiple clonal plants were characterized in detail. In an effort to improve the transformation protocol, the effects of gold particle size and callus morphology on transformation efficiency. Genetic modification to improve disease resistance in crops. Transgenic maize iowa state university digital repository. Highvalue products from transgenic maize sciencedirect. We will next describe comparisons betweentransgenic plantsandtheir nontransgenic counterparts. Efficient production of a bioactive bevacizumab monoclonal.
Optimization of protein expression in maize is dependent on multiple factors. Introduction transgenic crops are playing an increasing role in the eu. At this point, market scale is not likely very large. At present, food crops such as sugarcane sugar and corn seed starch. Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in maize. A remarkable development is creation of sugarcane transgenic plants with improved yield characteristic and high value products. Environmental risk assessments for transgenic crops. The longterm commercial expectations for this use of plants as factories, often also called.
Review article cereal seed storage protein synthesis. The purpose of this project is to use biotechnology to improve crops. The production of recombinant proteins in plants continues to be of great interest for prospective large. Application of agricultural biotechnology to improve food. Genetically engineered crop traits have been classified into one of three. Frontiers biofortified crops generated by breeding. Pdf highvalue products from transgenic maize maite. Domestication of new crops is often very high risk, and can take a long time. Crop genetics research unit, agronomy hall, iowa state uni versity, ames. Biological effects of transgenic maize nk603xmon810 fed in long term reproduction studies in mice page 6 of 105 1. The goal of the biofuels industry is to produce biofuels from crop waste matter, that are nonfood. The function and regulation of plant genesgenomewide analyses providing a firm foundation for the new genetics in crop improvement. Gm papayas, poplars, tobacco, tomato and sweet pepper are also cultivated in china, transgenic rice in iran.
The advantages and potential drawbacks of maize as a production platform for high value products are summarized in table 3. We will next describe comparisons betweentransgenic plantsandtheir non transgenic counterparts. Now a days, transgenic traits has an integral part of maize, soya been, rice, tomato, cotton and oilseed breeding. To increase kernel oil content, fungal diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 dgat2 genes from umbelopsis formerly mortierella ramanniana and neurospora crassa were introduced into maize using an embryoenhanced promoter. Modeling gene flow distribution within conventional fields and development of a simplified s. Over the past few decades, plant bioreactors have been used to produce high value added products, including antibodies hiatt et al. In recent year, the potential of transformation technology in sugarcane improvement has been. In this article we look at the diversity of highvalue products from maize, recent technological advances in the field and the emerging regulatory framework that governs how transgenic maize plants and their. Pdf production of transgenic maize plants by direct dna.
Developing new products with enhanced value output traits these matter to. One of the products in great demand is thermoplastics, or biodegradable plastics. The transgenic maize was shown to contain increased seed met. Castor is a member of the euplwrbiaceae family that is thought.
A brief history of promoter development for use in. Planting bt cotton and bt corn seed is associated with higher net returns. Methods and protocols, experts in the various disciplines of the field contribute readily reproducible protocols covering such topics as transformation methods, transgenic maize in research, the analysis of transgenic plants, and breeding with transgenes. Cragg5 1national center for pharmaceutical crops, arthur temple college of forestry and agriculture, stephen f. Pdf fertile transgenic maize a great paper if you get a chance. Application of agricultural biotechnology to improve food nutrition and healthcare products samuel sm sun phd department of biology, the chinese university of hong kong, hong kong, china crop plants provide essential food nutrients to humans and livestock, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins, directly or indirectly. Crop improvement via genetic engineering iowa state. To generate this line, four different biotech maize lines were crossed and resulted in the combination of six bt genes and two herbicide tolerance genes, providing control for weeds and lepidopteran insects. Food products from genetically modified bacteria include alphaamylase, which converts starch to simple sugars, chymosin, which clots milk protein for cheese making, and pectinesterase, which improves fruit juice clarity. These dedicated biosources will be combinations of established, transgenic, and new polysaccharide, oil, fiber, and high value chemical crops. Despite the ongoing debate on gm crops, particularly in countries of the european union.
Sciencebased risk assessment for nontarget effects of. Park j, mcfarlane i, phipps r, ceddia g 2011 the impact of the eu regulatory constraint of transgenic crops on farm income. Nov 19, 2009 the risk of volunteer event 3272 maize affecting the quality of subsequent crops is low because event 3272 maize will be grown as a speciality crop and managed for identity preservation in the same manner as other high value products such as white corn and waxy corn elbehri 2007. A relatively new area in plant biotechnology is the use of geneticallyengineered maize to produce highvalue end. For example, maize is a windpollinated, outcrossing crop, which raises issues surrounding gene flow to nontransgenic maize and wild relatives. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. This is discussed later in the section dealing with regulatory challenges. Over the past few decades, plant bioreactors have been used to produce high valueadded products, including antibodies hiatt et al. Austin state university, nacogdoches, tx 75972, usa. The severity of weed and insect pests varies from year to year and hence this will directly impact on pest control costs and economic advantage of gm crops. Maize was genetically engineered for the biosynthesis of the high value carotenoid astaxanthin in the kernel endosperm. Agronomy journal abstract dispersion and deposition of. Sep 26, 2017 naqvi s, ramessar k, farre g et al 2011 highvalue products from transgenic maize. First, we will continue to provide our plant genetic transformation expertise and services maize, soybean, rice, and brachypodium distachyon to the public researchers in plant science community nationally and internationally for their efforts in functional studies of plant genes.
Pharmaceutical crops is an ambiguous term used by biologists and chemists for different categories of plants. Summary cereal seeds provide an ideal production platform for highvalue products such as pharmaceuticals and industrial materials because seeds have ample and stable space for the deposition of recombinant products without loss of activity at room. Barley hva1 gene confers drought and salt tolerance in transgenic maize zea mays l. The mature transgenic plants were indistinguishable from wildtype plants in growth rate and morphology.
Th en, extract such highvalue matter before converting the cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars for alcohol fuels. Genetic contributions to agricultural sustainability. Here we present a routine and efficient protocol for yearround production of fertile transgenic maize plants. Type ii callus derived from maize hi ii immature zygotic embryos was transformed using the pds he biolistic gun and selected on bialaphos.
Maize zea mays oil has high value but is only about 4% of the grain by weight. Characterization of the phenotype of the highly digestible. Application of agricultural biotechnology to improve food nutrition and healthcare products. Endospermcxprcssed transgenes have been used to improve grain quality 14 and as a vehicle to produce high value proteins such as vaccines 5 and other high value proteins 610. Thus, we will summarize how transgenic maize is produced and discuss the transgenic maize products currently on the market. Monsanto produced line ly038 with high lysine content and higher nutritional value for. Naqvi s, ramessar k, farre g, sabalza m, miralpeix b, twyman rm, capell t, zhu c, christou p 2011 highvalue products from transgenic maize.
The advantages and potential drawbacks of maize as a production platform for highvalue products are summarized in table 3. Maize is now at the beginning of a new agricultural revolution, where the grains are used as factories to synthesize highvalue molecules. Simultaneously, phytoene synthase, the controlling enzyme of carotenogenesis, was overexpressed for enhanced carotenoid. It is currently the most widely grown crop in the world, and is used not only for foodfeed but also to produce. Mutation in the seed storage protein kafirin creates a. Synthesis of seedspecific bidirectional promoters for. Pharmaceutical crops, 2010, 1, 117 1 2210290610 2010 bentham open open access pharmaceutical crops. Four major crops account for practically all the transgenic production worldwide. Endospermcxprcssed transgenes have been used to improve grain quality 14 and as a vehicle to produce highvalue proteins such as vaccines 5 and other highvalue proteins 610. Biological effects of transgenic maize nk603xmon810 fed in.
Rice seeds and suspension cultures have been reported as good systems for the production of many high value bioactive proteins kim. These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine. Review open access plantbased vaccines against viruses. For example, in lepidopteran active transgenic cry1maize events, the transgene products have a molecular weight of 65 to 91 kilodaltons kda, whereas various microbes produce proteins ranging from to 140 kda van rie et al. A map was designed and the different crops were identified, as were the sowing and flowering dates, in bt and conventional maize fields. Transgenic research in horticultural crops an overview. Aug 23, 2010 despite the expensive cost of postharvest processing of recombinant products, some transgenic crop. Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. Expediting the biofuels agenda via genetic manipulations of. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Nguyen tx, sticklen m 20 barley hva1 gene confers drought and salt tolerance in transgenic maize zea mays l. The many uses and applications of transgenic plants.
Aflatoxin impacts and potential solutions in agriculture, trade. The fda policy statement concerning regulation of products derived from. Transgenic maize plants were generated using an agrobacterium. Production of transgenic maize from bombarded type ii. Highvalue products from transgenic maize biotechnology advances 2011 29. A key to success for maize protein expression is the concentration of protein that accumulates in transgenic plants. For example, maize is a windpollinated, outcrossing crop, which raises issues surrounding gene flow to non transgenic maize and wild relatives. May 28, 2019 an example of what such a strategy may look like is the commercial maize line known by its trade name smartstax. It is often, but arbitrarily distinguished between the 1st generation of transgenic plants, with the.
Bt maize by clive james chair, isaaa board of directors no. Genetic engineering has been proven to be a useful tool, to produce more environmentaladaptive crops and novel high value products in their yield. Concept has been established for the production of many therapeutic proteins, including antibodies, blood products, cytokines, growth factors, hormones,y recombinant enzymes and human and veterinary vaccines in transgenic plants. A brief history of promoter development for use in transgenic. The risk of volunteer event 3272 maize affecting the quality of subsequent crops is low because event 3272 maize will be grown as a speciality crop and managed for identity preservation in the same manner as other highvalue products such as white corn and waxy corn elbehri 2007. They showed that atibh1srdx is a useful tool for the manipulation of plant phenotype for costeffective production of high value products by transgenic plant in closed cultivation systems. The ways in which plants develop and respond to the environment in order to produce an optimal yield of food or fibre is the result of the controlled expression of the approximately 30 000 genes that are present in the genome of all plants. Simultaneously, phytoene synthase, the controlling enzyme of carotenogenesis, was overexpressed for enhanced. Maize is now at the beginning of a new agricultural revolution, where the grains are used as factories to synthesize high value molecules. Though in small quantities, high value products like breakfast cereals, food ingredients and other consumeroriented products are also imported by kenya. Publicsector leadership will be necessary for domestication of new crops. Genetically engineered crops in the united states usda ers.
Huang s, frizzi a, florida ca et al 2006 high lysine and high tryptophan transgenic maize resulting from the reduction of both 19 and 22kd alphazeins. Production of transgenic maize plants by direct dna uptake into embryogenic protoplasts article pdf available in plant science 901. Expediting the biofuels agenda via genetic manipulations. Starchstrke 57 transgenic maize maize quality home.
The ly038 corn has been genetically modified to express the cordapa gene. Request pdf on feb 28, 2011, shaista naqvi and others published high value products from transgenic corn find, read and cite all the research you need on. In this article we look at the diversity of high value products from maize, recent technological advances in the field and the emerging regulatory framework that governs how transgenic maize plants and their. Future challenges feeding transgenic plants oxford academic. Transgenic maize seeds expressed and processed kafirins properly and served as a positive control in our experiments below. Transgenic maize for commercial production currently confers either insect resistance. A genetically modified organism gmo is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Shortening the life cycles of cultivated plants would increase annual production in a closed system. It is currently the most widely grown crop in the world, and is used not only for foodfeed but also. In this volume we provide background information on the principles, practices, and common methods used for generation of transgenic plants. Nutritional assessment of transgenic lysinerich maize compared with conventional quality protein maize. Kenyan importers, retailers and consumers have not expressed serious concerns about importation, sale or use of transgenic products. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating andor natural recombination.
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