He is one of haitis founding fathers, together with toussaint louverture, jeanjacques dessalines, and his rival henri christophe. Henri christophe who is one of the most admired heroes of haiti, 6 october 1767 8 october 1820 was a former slave and key leader in the haitian revolution, which succeeded in gaining independence from france in 1804. Cuban fiction cuban literature dessalines, jeanjacques, diplomatic relations discoveries in. The haitian massacre was an organized cleansing that was carried out against the remaining white population of french creoles by the order of jeanjacques dessalines. Jeanjacques dessalines was a leader of the haitian revolution and the first ruler of an. His next master was a black man by the name of dessalines, who was his master at the time of the 1791 slave uprising. Henry christophe was a key leader in the haitian revolution and the only monarch of the.
General jean jacques dessalines, liberator of haiti nypl digital. This systematic genocide is known as the 1804 haiti massacre. In 1805 he took part under jean jacques dessalines in the capturing of santo domingo now dominican republic, against french forces who acquired the colony from spain in the treaty of basel. The kingdom of this world michigan state university. The massacre, which took place in the entire territory of haiti, was carried out from early february 1804 until 22 april 1804, and resulted in the deaths of between 3,000 and 5,000 people of all ages and genders. Henri christophe was a military leader in the haitian revolution as well as president and later king of the young nation. Tv network to produce movies based on king of haiti books series. Jean jacques dessalines 1804 1806 assassinated henri christophe 1807 1820 suicide alexander petion 1807 1818 died in office jean pierre boyer 1818 1843 overthrown riviere riviereherard 1843 1844 overthrown philippe guerrier 1844 1845 died in. Jean jacques dessalines wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Jeanjacques dessalines,who succeeded to leadership of the war of. Jeanjacques dessalines governor, general, emperor biography.
General henry christophe named himself president, of the northern part of haiti. A shrewd general, he served under toussaint louverture toussaint louverture, francois dominique. As president aristides opportune evocation of louverture shows, for many of us, it is as though the haitian revolution were fought two hundred days, rather than two centuries, ago. Haiti won its independence on 1 january 1804 and the haitian declaration of independence was proclaimed in the port city of gonaives by jeanjacques dessalines. It was transcribed into the version below by bob corbett on april 4, 1999. Jeanjacques dessalines wikipedia republished wiki 2. Henri christophe and haiti, first black republic in the new. Jean jacques dessalines had also six children from other relationships. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Toussaint louverture, jean jacques dessalines and henri christophewhose rebellion. Henri christophe and haiti, first black republic in the new world. By february 1807, haiti was divided between christophe whom had.
And not surprisingly, their biographical narratives are often conflicting and depend greatly on who is enacting the telling. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. He later joined jeanjacques dessalines in ousting the french and commanded the army under that ruler. After dessalines was assassinated, christophe retreated to the plainedunord and created a. On january 1, 1804, dessalines became the leader of the new country of haiti, the worlds first state to arise from a slave rebellion. Emperor, king, president, prime minister years in office. Jeanjacques dessalines was a military leader who worked with toussaint louverture and gave the country of haiti its name. In 1805 he took part under jeanjacques dessalines in the invasion of santo domingo now dominican. The massacre, which took place in the entire territory of haiti, was carried out from early february 1804 until 22 april 1804, and resulted in the deaths. The tragedy of king christophe northwestern university press.
Finally a third central theme is most accounts of the revolution is the work of the slaves. Dessalines was assassinated north of the capital city, portauprince, at pont larnage now known as pontrouge, on 17 october 1806, on his way to fight the rebels. Brought to haiti as a slave, dessalines served under toussaint louverture in the wars that liberated haiti. By february 1807, haiti was divided between christophe whom had clear charge over the north, and alexander petion who led the south of the new country. Tv network to produce movies based on king of haiti books. Christophe set up his own domain, which he ruled as king henry i from. After becoming the ruler of haiti, jean jacques dessalines promulgated the haitian constitution of 1805 on may 20 of that year. World heritage encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most. In the history plays that comprise the haitian trilogyhenri christophe, drums and colours and the haytian earthderek walcott, recipient of the nobel prize in literature, uses verse to tell the story of his native west indies as a fourhundredyear cycle of war, conquest and rebellion. Cruelty against mulattoes led to struggles with mulatto leaders andre rigaud and alexandre petion. Toussaint was captured and exiled, but the fighting continued under the leadership of jean jacques dessalines and henri christophe. A conspiracy to overthrow dessalines included henry christophe and alexandre petion, who both succeeded him. Jean jacques dessalines, empereur dhaiti home facebook.
A portrait of henry i, the former slave who became king. Janjak desalin 20 september 1758 17 october 1806 was a leader of the haitian revolution and the first ruler of an independent haiti under the 1801 constitution. Henri christophe king of haiti 17671820, toussaint louverture 1743. Jean jacques dessalines is known for the ordering of the execution of all french people on the island. After dessalines was assassinated, christophe retreated to the plainedunord and created a separate government. Jeanjacques dessalines september 20, 1758 october 17. Haitis revolutionary heroes, especially the black triumvirate of toussaint louverture, henri christophe and jeanjacques dessalines, are important not only in political histories but also cultural storytelling. Jean jacques dessalines 1758 1806 3 works search for books with subject. Jeanjacques dessalines is known for the ordering of the execution of all french people on the island. This massacre, occurring at the conclusion of a brutal war, is known as the 1804 haiti massacre. Jean jacques dessalines and henri christophewhose rebellion established the first black state in the americas, but whose cruelty becomes a. Jeanjacques dessalines a selection of booksebooks available in.
He was most likely born a slave in granderivieredunord, haiti, but there is also speculation that he was born in west africa around 1758. Haitian independence proclaimed two months after his defeat of napoleon bonapartes colonial forces, jeanjacques dessalines proclaims the independence of saintdomingue, renaming it haiti after. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading liberty or death. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Click the title for location and availability information. Henri christophe king of haiti 17671820 worldcat identities. Louverture successfully drove back the british and by 1798 was the ruler of the colony. Henri christophe one of the architects of the haitian revolution.
Among the most common topics covered are slavery and the slave trade, commercial activities, and colonial life. The scholar and man of thought dantes bellegarde contends that the man now known as jeanjacques dessalines was originally named jeanjacques duclosduclos being the name of his first master. Dessalines, jean jacques article about dessalines, jean. Dessalines was assassinated north of portauprince at pont larnage, now known as pontrouge on october 17, 1806 en route to battle the rebels defilee, a woman, took the mutilated body of jeanjacques dessalines to bury him the tomb of jeanjacques dessalines. Dessalines, jeanjacques 17581806 worldcat identities. In either case, he lived out the early part of his life as a slave to a free black, serving as a coachman. One also hears a great deal about the leadership of toussaint louverture, jeanjacques dessalines, henri christophe, andre rigaud and other lesser but important leaders like jean francois, biassou and others.
Jeanjacques dessalines was a military leader who worked with. Get my book haiti history 101 from amazon and learn even more about haitian history. We are the children of toussaint louverture, henri christophe, and jeanjacques dessalines. On 26 march 1811, henri christophe created a kingdom in the north and was later proclaimed henry i, king of hati. This constitution included the following important provisions. The tragedy of king christophe 1963, revised 1970 is recognized as the martiniquan writer and activist aime cesaires greatest play. Initially regarded as governorgeneral, dessalines later named himself emperor jacques i of haiti 18041806. Fortunats book was intended as a history textbook for use in haitis schools.
He later joined jeanjacques dessalines in ousting the french and. Henri christophe and haiti, first black republic in the. The postindependence proclamations and massacres of haitis dessalines kindle edition by the otsego herald or western advertiser, jeanjacques dessalines, juste chanlatte. Madiou was one of two prominent midnineteenth century haitian historians. Promulgated by emperor jacques i dessalines the document below was printed in the new york evening post, july 15, 1805. Jean jacques dessalines is known for ordering the execution of all french people on the island.
He was then bought by a free black man named dessalines, from whom he received the name he kept in freedom, jean jacques dessalines. Jeanjacques dessalines a selection of booksebooks available in trible library. Haiti had leaders like jean jacques dessalines, toussaint louverture, henri christophe, and why not a second king for the kingdom of haiti, said prince werley nortreus, the political leader and. Today in haitian history december 1806 adoption of the controversial 1806 constitution jeanjacques dessalines murder at pontrouge in october 1806 left the door open for renewed.
Declared haiti independent on january 1, 1804, after defeating french forces sent to restore colonial rule on the island. With the colony facing a fullscale invasion by britain, the rebel slaves emerged as a powerful military force under the leadership of louverture, jeanjacques dessalines and henri christophe. There he worked a wide variety of posts including sailor, mason, bartender, and billiard marker. Jean jacques dessalines s origins are somewhat unclear. In 1805 he took part under jeanjacques dessalines in the capturing of santo domingo now. Haitian revolution 17911804, series of conflicts between haitian slaves, colonists, the armies of the british and french colonizers, and a number of other parties. The assassination of emperor dessalines is an account of the assassination of haitis first head of state, jeanjacques dessalines 17581806. Jeanjacques dessalines is known for ordering the execution of all french people on the island. Jeanjacques dessalines emperor of haiti britannica. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.
Henri christophe as president, then king, of north haiti alexandre petion as president. Through the struggle, the haitian people ultimately won independence from france and thereby became the first country to be founded by former slaves. Plays and millions of other books are available for amazon. Jan 17, 2015 get my book haiti history 101 from amazon and learn even more about haitian history.
On january 1, 1804, dessalines proclaimed himself ruler of the. In the history plays that comprise the haitian trilogy henri christophe, drums and colours and the haytian earthderek walcott, recipient of the nobel prize in literature, uses verse to tell the story of his native west indies as a fourhundredyear cycle of war, conquest and rebellion. In henri christophe and the haytian earth, walcott recasts the legacy of haitis violent revolutionariesled by toussaint louverture, jean jacques dessalines and henri christophewhose rebellion established the first black state in the americas, but whose cruelty becomes a. Initially regarded as governorgeneral, dessalines was later named emperor jacques i of haiti 18041806 by the generals of the haitian revolution army. It was written by haitian historian thomas madiou 18141884 in the 1840s. Henri christophe henry i king henry i of haiti president of the state of haiti term 17 february 1807 28 march 1811 predecessor jacques i as emperor of haiti king of haiti reign 28 march 1811 8 october 1820 coronation 2 june 1811 predecessor state of haiti himself as president of the state of haiti successor monarchy abolished jeanpierre boyer as president of haiti next reigning. Jean jacques dessalines worked for him for about three years, until the slave uprising of 1791, which spread across the plaine du nord. Dessalines, jeanjacques, 17581806 social networks and. In henri christophe and the haytian earth, walcott recasts the legacy of haitis violent revolutionariesled by toussaint louverture, jean jacques dessalines and henri christophewhose rebellion established the first black state in the americas, but whose cruelty becomes a parable of racial pride and corruption.
Haiti had leaders like jeanjacques dessalines, toussaint louverture, henri christophe, and why not a second king for the kingdom of haiti, said prince werley nortreus, the political leader and. The postindependence proclamations and massacres of haitis dessalines kindle edition by the otsego herald or western advertiser, jean jacques dessalines, juste chanlatte. Jean jacques dessalines a selection of books e books available in trible library. Jeanjacques dessalines, slave, revolutionary, and first leader of independent haiti. Subsequently, a short civil war broke out between christophe and petion. One also hears a great deal about the leadership of toussaint louverture, jean jacques dessalines, henri christophe, andre rigaud and other lesser but important leaders like jean francois, biassou and others.
Born into slavery in 1767, christophe was brought to french colonial haiti, known as saint domingue, most likely from kitts. In 1805 he took part under jean jacques dessalines in the invasion of santo domingo now dominican. Set in the period of upheaval in haiti after the assassination of jeanjacques dessalines in 1806, it follows the historical figure of henri christophe, a slave who rose to become a general in toussaint louvertures army. The assassination of emperor dessalines is an account of the assassination of haitis first head of state, jean jacques dessalines 17581806. Through the struggle, the haitian people ultimately won independence from france and thereby became the. In 1806, christophe and the haitian general alexandre petion overthrew jean jacques dessalines. He was one of the triumviratesalong with toussaint louverture and jean jacques dessalinesthat led to the. Henri christophe, drums and colours, and the haytian earth. Place jeanjacques dessalines, portauprince ticket price.
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